Time value of money Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Time value of money - Research Paper Example gger amount in the days to come.  The renowned fact that money possesses a time value implies that time value of that money must be put into account when making decisions to do with finance.   This is done by restating values of money through time with what is called Calculations of Time Value of Money.   These calculations are applied so as to shift monetary unit values of through the given time period.   The calculations can be used to state future monetary flows in present value terms and also to restate today’s value amounts into future monetary values. These calculations are by far the most powerful tool that is available for making business and financial decisions. These values may be used to restate cash flows in such a way as to make them comparable in the process of making financial decisions. The present value of money puts into account that fact that cash always loses value over time due to inflation as well as opportunity cost. The reason the topic of prese nt value of money is very important in finance is because its calculation forms a basis for all decisions that managers make. Calculation of present values is very important in making many financial decisions that face all individuals and managers in various types of firms.   This procedure allows many financial computations in relation to the interest earning, returns upon investments gains, capital budgeting processes of decision, predicaments relating loan, insurance programming predicaments,  and many other business asset buying or decisions in relation investment.   These computations also grant the basis for part of the most commonly used valuation models as well as concepts applied in today’s finance.   Failure to discount makes ventures that yield returns in the future appear to be more valuable than they really are.(Rosen, H.S 2005 pp. 241)Through calculating the net present value, firms are able to make accurate estimates on the returns to expect from variou s investments they choose to undertake. This is through calculating returns on investments. Firms are also in a better position to make reasonable and accurate budgets since they are under no illusion about their actual present or future monetary value. The net present value is also very important in dealing with loans related issues that may arise. The finance manager of a company will be in a position to know the amount of loan that the firm can afford to repay comfortably. This is very important because the company will avoid having too large loans which may be difficult to repay and thus it will remain financially stable. Finally, calculation of net present value is very useful in solving insurance programming problems of a company. Question 2 Future Value(FV) = Present Value(PV) ?( 1 + Interest Rate(R) )T , where T is the number of periods or years a) Present value = $ 15,000, Interest Rate = 7%, Time = 5years Therefore,Future Value = 15,000 ? (1 + 0.07)5 = $21,038.28 b) Presen t value = $ 19,500,Interest Rate = 4%,time = 3years Future Value = 19,500?(1+0.04)3 = $ 21,934.8 c) Present value = $

Marketing Strategy For Daily Telegraph Marketing Essay

Marketing Strategy For Daily Telegraph Marketing Essay Each company must find the game plane for long term survival and growth that makes the most sense given its specific situation, opportunities, objectives and resources. It is important to understand the overall companies strategic planning to understand the marketing strategy. Strategic planning usually sets the rest of the company planning. It is the mix and match of companys objectives, goals and capabilities. In the recent days effective marketing strategy are equally important for newspaper industries. Generally news paper tells about other business marketing but the marketing strategy for the newspaper are never been discussed. (Peter J P Olson 2004). With the changing of Global Business environment, the marketing strategy of news paper is changing. In this particular paper the researcher will demonstrate the marketing strategy for one of the UKs leading news paper Daily Telegraph. The Daily Telegraph is one of the famous and effective daily morning newspaper distributed throughout the United Kingdom and internationally. It was first founded in June 1855 by Colonel Arthur B. Sleigh. It is the only remaining major newspaper in UK. It is now owned by David and Fredrick Barclay, and it is the ninth largest newspaper in UK. In the recent days Daily Telegraph, has become one of the successful newspaper not just in UK market also in International market. In January 2009, the Telegraph was the highest selling newspaper, with average daily circulation of 842,912. The daily telegraph has a significant influence in British Politics. The significant number of readers shows that Daily Telegraph is popular in the newspaper market. Effective marketing strategy leads them to this successful condition. As like other business, newspaper business has a marketing strategy, which they follow to compete with the market. For the purpose of this particular paper, the researcher constitutes several of factors that might influence the marketing strategy for Daily Telegraph. The researcher will start with discussing about the objectives of daily Telegraph, researcher then discuss about business environment that might influence Daily Telegraphs marketing strategy. The researcher also demonstrate the factor involve in 7 Ps. The researcher also constitute situation of Daily Telegraph in global market. Marketing Objective for Daily Telegraph: Informing: Objectives should provide with the information about functional and psychological needs that the services satisfies. It is very important especially for new product. In the case of Daily telegraph they just need to set their communication objectives as to inform audience in more sophisticated way because they already know the needs of their potential buyer. Persuading: Objective should set to persuades consumer to move towards some action or attitude. It should be appropriate for competitive growth products. The Daily telegraph is a growing business in a competitive market. Reminding: In the objectives companies initiate a communication approach that reminds that the product or services is still available. As a existing company Daily Telegraph will set their marketing communication objectives in reminding that the services are still available for them. Marketing Strategy for Daily Telegraph: Before go the marketing strategy for Daily Telegraph the leading news paper in the UK, we need to understand the concept of marketing strategy. Marketing strategy is a marketing process and a marketing method which justify and focuses an organizations energies and resources on a course of action (Christopher M, Payne A Ballantgne D 2002). Marketing strategy eventually can lead to increased sales and dominance of a targeted market niche. A marketing strategy consists several of elements such as product development, promotion, distribution, pricing, relationship management and other elements. It help in identifies the firms marketing objectives as well as organizational objectives and goals. It also explains how they can be achieved, ideally within a stated timeframe. Marketing strategy determines the choice of target market segments, positioning, marketing mix, and allocation of resources. Business Environment for telegraph: It is very important to consider the business environment for any organization before established a marketing strategy. Studying the external and internal environment which influence organizations overall business strategy including marketing strategy. As different organization work in different industries and business environment, it is important to find out appropriate business environment for them. UK news paper market is very competitive. So it is important for Telegraph to consider the business environment first, before concentrating towards their consumer. There is several of factor need to be considered to evaluate the environmental issues for newspaper Daily Telegraph. There are two different business environments, one is internal and other is external. To measure those issues, organization needs to use several of marketing model and theory. SWOT and PESTEL is important model in this regard. SWOT Analysis for Daily Telegraph: SWOT Analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats involved in a project or in a business venture. It involves specifying the objective of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieving that objective. SWOT provides convenient headings under which to study an organization in its environmental setting and may provide a basis for decision making and problem-solving (Mullins J L 2005). Internal Environment: Strengths: Strengths are those positive aspects or distinctive attributes or competencies which provide a significant market advantage or upon which the organization can build for example, through the pursuit of diversification (Mullins J L 2005). Strength is the measurer of internal business environment for any organization. As far as Telegraph is concern, is has got the competency because it has been working as an influential in this particular industries for the past several of decades. Because of its strong work ethic, internal business environment are in favor of it which put it in a competitive advantage situation. Weakness: Weakness is those negative aspects or deficiencies in the present competencies or resources of organization or its image or reputation, which limits its effectiveness and which needs to be corrected or need action taken to minimize their effects (Mullins J L 2005). Every organization has some negative aspect, so do Telegraph has some. It has some political influence which sometime work as negative business environment for Telegraph. Different political views some time reflects on it writing and information. External Environment: Opportunities: Opportunities are favorable conditions and usually arise from the nature of changes in the external environment (Mullins J L 2005). As far as Telegraph is concern it has got the potential which work as its opportunity towards the newspaper market. So considering the external business environment Telegraph is in competitive position. As the researcher mentioned that in January 2009 it has been selected as one of the highest selling newspaper, it reflects the external environment is in its favor and it in fact an opportunity for Telegraph. Threats: Threats are the converse of opportunity and refer to unfavorable situation which arise from external developments likely to endanger the operations and effectiveness of the organization. It includes political and economical, new product by competition and other external factor. Same as the opportunity we have to assume that some external factor of Daily Telegraph has became a threats for him. Because of its traditional working patterns, it will face some threats from outside market because there are some developments of new ideas in these particular industries. PESTEL Analysis: PESTELstands for Political, Economic, Social, Technical, Environment and Legislative. It is a strategic planning technique that provides a useful framework for analyzing the environmental pressures on a team or an organization.PEST analysis is also know as a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations Kotler (1998). Political factor: Political factor includes Government, tax, trade barriers, and infrastructure. Considering Political situation in UK, Daily Telegraph has been influenced by it for last several of decades. It is known to every one that, daily Telegraph indirectly a conservative party newspaper and 65% of its reader is conservative party supporter. Its make a great deal of impact on its marketing strategy. It is am external business environment which not just influence its marketing decision but also the overall business strategy as well. Economic factor: Economic factor are the most important for any organization towards its growth. These include interest rates, taxation changes, economic growth, inflation and exchange rates. In the recent days, economic crises are the major concern for UK and it hits the newspaper industries as well. Most of the business organization has to change their marketing strategy because of the economic factor which works as both internal and external business environment. Social Factor: Changes in social trends can impact on the demand for a firms services and the availability and willingness of individuals to work. UK has got multicultural environment. Considering the social factor Daily Telegraph should concentrate on planning for their marketing strategy. Generally every news paper has some responsibilities towards the society. So daily star should consider the social influence as well as social responsibilities towards its marketing strategy. Technological factor: New technologies create new services and new processes. Because of globalization technology are developing rapidly. The impact of technological development mostly effect on the media sector. Technological development increases the marketing opportunity for news paper industries. Legal: Legal factor put impact on companys legislation such as employment, competition and health safety. It is vary important for every company for their marketing strategy. Legal factor are important in media industries because it deals with very sensitive matter. As far as news paper is concern they have to consider the ethical and unethical, legal and illegal advertising. In UK every newspaper has to follow the EU law and trading policies including the marketing strategy. Environmental: Environmental factor influenced the level of pollution created by the product or service. News paper should take in to consideration of environmental issues and encourage general people regarding this. So the marketing strategy is influenced by the environmental factor for Daily Telegraph. Marketing Strategy and Marketing Mix: Marketing mix and marketing strategy has a positive relationship. As far as marketing strategy and marketing mix is concern, company has to consider several of factor such as product, price, place, promotion, people, process and physical evidence which is know as 7Ps. (Hawkins I, Roger D Best J 1998). Product: Product means the goods and services combined the company offer to the targeted consumer market. In the case of Daily Telegraph news paper is the product and every one is the consumer. Daily telegraph has to consider their product and service level to create an effective marketing strategy. Price: Price is the money that consumer pay for their consumption of goods and services. Daily telegraph has to consider the price for their goods and services they provide to the consumer in respect of marketing purpose. Place: Place includes the companies activities that make the product available to target consumers. Promotion: Promotion activities that communicate the merits of the product and persuade target customers to buy it. People: People are generally known as consumer who will buy the product and services. Process: Process is the marketing process that involve in promoting the product and services. It is one of the vital parts of marketing strategy. Physical Evidence: Physical evidence consist the physical existence of the product and services. Marketing Communication Tools Integrated marketing communication refers to the management and control of all marketing communication; in fact it is the implicated level of marketing communication which is a part of marketing strategy. The strategic analysis, choice and control of all elements of marketing communications that efficiently, economically and effectively influence transaction an organization and its consumer (Smith P, Berry C Pulford 1997, 1999). Conclusion: During the analysis of different field of marketing strategy the researcher found several of ideas that could be implemented in Daily Telegraph marketing strategic process. Because of the recent changing global business environment, it is vital for Daily Telegraph to take appropriate initiative to build a relationship with the existing customer and also to focus on creating new customers. As recent days corporate responsibilities are a key issue in terms of ethical marketing communication process, Daily Telegraph should follow the truthful and sensible marketing communication concept but in new approach which refers to the integrated communication tools. Daily Telegraph should take in to consideration of buyer behavior seriously because of changing environment. Reference Cited: Christopher M, Payne A Ballantgne D (2002); Relationship Marketing: Creating Stockholders Values; 2nd rev edition; A Butterworth-Heinemann. Peter J P Olson (2004) Consumer Behavior : Series in Marketing, McGrew Hill Irwin Simons, J. A., Irwin, D. B., Drinnien, B. A. (1987). Psychology: The search for understanding. New York, West Publishing. Smith P, Berry C Pulford A (1997, 1999) Strategic Marketing Communication, Kogan Page Limited, USA Mullins J L (2005), Marketing Strategy; Ney York, McGraw Hill. Hawkins I, Roger D Best J (1998) Consumer Behavior: Building Marketing Strategy, 7th Edition, Mc Grow Hill, Boston.

Young Males, Modern Society, and Drug Use Essay -- Essays Papers

Young Males, Modern Society, and Drug Use To understand the use of drugs by young men and to review the literature in a coherent framework it is necessary to begin with an understanding of the term 'gender'. Gender is said to mean more than just male or female. Rather it is a description of the traits and attributes which society ascribes to each sex. Gender is distinguished from sex in that sex refers to biology, whereas gender refers to the cultural meanings and social constructs that are superimposed on the biological differences between the sexes. That is, gender is socially constructed. It transforms female to mean 'feminine' and male to mean 'masculine', and by so doing it defines our expectations of both male and female behavior in everyday life. Most research up until the 1980s was based on male perceptions and male constructs of drug use, which by its very nature, neglected female drug use (Davey, 1994; Sargent, 1992; Temple-Smith & Hamilton, 1991). Some studies ignored women entirely; others included women but ignored gender, simply combining men and women in the analysis. Authors of many studies thus generalized from male subjects to 'people'. As Henderson (1993) says "It is a familiar sentiment by now that the literature on drugs is limited when it comes to the subject of gender and drug use. All too often studies have ignored gender as a factor in drug use and extrapolated from the male experience." (p. 127). It is important, therefore, to acknowledge that historically, gender has been a 'blindspot' in much of the research on drug use and abuse (Lammers & Schippers, 1991). The influence of male gender has not been considered, despite the fact that males have mostly been the subjects of the studies. As Broom (... ..., S. (1997). Youth violence and the limits of moral panic. Youth Studies Australia, 16(1), 25-30. Vogel-Sprott, M., & Chipperfield, B. (1987). Family history of problem drinking among young male social drinkers: Behavioral effects of alcohol. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 48(5), 430-436. Waldron, I. (1991). Patterns and causes of gender differences in smoking. Social Science and Medicine, 32(9), 989-1005. Waldron, J. (1997). Changing gender roles and gender differences in health behavior. In D.S. Gochman (Ed.), Handbook of health behavior research 1: Personal and social determinants (pp. 303-328). New York: Plenum Press. Walpole, S. (1995). Gender equity in education: A view from outside the classroom. In Proceedings of the Promoting Gender Equity Conference (pp. 5-11). Canberra: Ministerial Council for Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs.

Time Management Outline

Name Date Purpose: Informative #1/ Time Management Introduction 1 Attention 2 What is time management? 1 Understanding time management 2 Why is managing my time efficiently important? 3 What is stealing my time 1 Identify what or who? 2 Learn to handle distractions 3 Be responsible for yourself 4 Am I procrastinating? 2 Credibility 1 Catherine Beecher 1 Advocate for women’s education 2 Emphasize the importance of female labor 1 Guide for time management book 2 Productive activities like education 2 Benjamin Franklin 1 Father’s system for â€Å"Order† Unpredictable claims 3 Dwight D. Eisenhower 3 Lead into the body 1. Time is very effective as a tool, if we know how to use it. 2. How can I know if I am managing my time correctly? Body A. Set goals 1. Mission statement a) What do I value the most? b) What is my life’s purpose a) What legacy do I want to leave to the world? b) What I am doing to accomplish it? 1. Long term goals a) Finish a master’s de gree b) Buy a house c) Have a family d) Start my doctorate’s degree 2. Intermediate goals (the next five years) a) Complete my degree b) Find a job ) Travel to Europe d) Graduate with honors 4. Short term goals a) Finish the semester b) Get associate’s degree c) Start a healthy diet d) Buy a car Transitional: Are you doing something to accomplish your goals? A. Use time Effectively 1. Where does your time go? a) Committed time 1) Studying 2) Working 3) Exercise b) Maintenance time 1) Eating 2) Sleeping 3) Grooming c) Discretionary time 1) Relationships ( Intellectual development 1. Where should your time go? a) Urgent priorities 1) Dropping a class 2) Paying fees 3) Turning in papers ) Important priorities 1) Attending every class 2) Planning tasks 3) Forming healthy relationships c) Ongoing activities 1) Identify if needed 2) Plan a wise time to do them d) Trivial activities 1) Mail 2) Facebook Transitional: Are you using your time effectively to achieve your goals? I f the answer was no, there are some strategies that you may want to know. B. Time-Management Strategies 1. Get organized a) Keep a calendar b) Create daily to-do list c) Study everywhere and anywhere d) Prepare the night before 2. Make it simpler ) Do the tough tasks first b) Break projects down into smaller tasks c) Study in short segments d) Study at your high-energy time 3. Keep a positive attitude a) Be flexible b) Patient c) Persistent d) Realistic 4. Control interruptions a) Create an organized place to study b) Determine your optimal time to study c) Create quite time d) Just say no Transition: On the other hand, one cannot forget that we are humans and we have strict needs; such as eating and socializing, for instance the word balance must remain in your life. C. Always in balance 1.Communicate with your family a) Clarify the importance of college b) Create a team work attitude at home 1. Increase physical and emotional energy a) Find relaxing activities b) Get enough rest c ) Eat healthy food 2. Create positive time a) Have quality time with your family b) Share ideas and worries c) Listen d) Communicate Transitional: The most difficult task to do is to accept we are doing something wrong, for this reason, Conclusion A. Time Management 1. Help yourself with a daily plan 2. Time can be used to your favor A. Succeed in College and Life . Keep in mind your goals 2. Manage your time to succeed 3. Create a balance life for yourself Resources 1. â€Å"Benjamin Franklin. † A Brief History of Time Management. Inc. Advertisement, n. d. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. 2. â€Å"A Treatise on Domestic Economy. † A Brief History of Time Management. Inc. Advertisement, n. d. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. 3. â€Å"Dwight D. Eisenhower. † A Brief History of Time Management. Inc. Advertisement, n. d. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. 4. Ferrett, Sharon K. Peak Performance: Success in College & beyond. Chicago: Irwin Mirror, 1997. Print.

Contingency Planning for a Healthcare Provider Essay

In this paper can be found a generic contingency plan for the health care industry, this paper shows how quickly things can change for health care providers, and what steps that need to be taken in case of a down ward spiral for the provider. This paper explains the seven steps of a contingency plan in detail to achieve maximum effectiveness. In this case, the contingency plan is for a surgical center. Contingency Planning for the Health Care Provider Background In this paper can be found a generic contingency plan for the health care industry, this paper shows how quickly things can change for health care providers, and what steps that need to be taken in case of a down ward spiral for the provider. This paper explains the seven steps of a contingency plan in detail to achieve maximum effectiveness. In this case, the contingency plan is for a surgical center, (The Author, 2014). Practice Overview There are many ways contingency planning can be defined. Contingency planning are steps, procedures, and policies for management that are created to keep business operations on track running and/or to restore them as well possibly during disaster or system failure. Disaster recovery is a number of processes that only pays attention to the processes of recovery. As defined by the Department of Health and Human Services, a contingency /disaster recovery plan is a strategic measure taken if there is a malfunction in a business product or if there is disaster such as flood, or fire or if things don’t go according to plan, (DHHS, n.d.). Contingency is just one part of a  large process for emergency preparedness that includes disaster recovery planning, business practices, and operational continuity. What is also often involved in repairing for such events are processes at a level of organizational processes and implementing policies that may require plans that are numerous and properly prepared for, recover from, respond to, and continue events that impacted by continued activities. What must also be considered by project managers are the disruptions and impacts of the plan, concurrently with organizational policies and standards, for such events. As part of a comprehensive risk management approach, a manager should identify threats and potential vulnerabilities for contingency planning and then he should implement approaches to limit potential impact or to prevent such incidents from happening, (DHHS, 2014). Contingency planning involves seven key factors to success. 1. Identify any regulatory requirements that involve contingency planning. Create a formal contingency planning policy statement. 2. Conduct a business impact analysis to recognize business processes and components, and systems that are critical to contingency planning. Mention the priorities to recovery and include impact events. 3. Identify and implement preventative controls and measures to increase availability, decrease the disruption effects, and reduce the cost of contingency. 4. Develop recovery strategies that make sure if something doesn’t go according to plan or if there is disaster, infrastructure critical systems and business can recover fast. 5. Develop contingency plans that include precise procedures and guidance for recovery from disruptions. 6. Plan testing, training, and exercises to practice and test contingency plans so that if there are and unfilled gaps or holes in the plan they could be filled. Also to make sure recovery personnel is prepared just in case of disruptions. 7. Maintain contingency plans. Update and add new factors to them to show the changes in the factors that influence them. The development of contingency planning is essential to implementing and developing an emergency preparedness program that is comprehensive. According to NIST, there are five main components of contingency plan. Best Practices 1. Concept of operations 1. Notification and activation 2. Recovery of operations 3. Reconstitution of normal operations 4. Supporting information as part as the plans appendices If success is wanted for contingency planning, it is essential for stakeholders to regularly re-look parts of operational importance. The types of contingency plans that should be included are, 1. Business continuity plan 2. Business recovery plan 3. Continuity of operations plan continuity of support plan 4. Crisis communications plan 5. Cyber incident response plan 6. Disaster recovery plan 7. Occupant emergency plan Conclusion In conclusion, contingency plans are created to protect responses to any disruptions or anything that may impact regular operations. The information the plans contain, the types of plans, and the responses all depend on the following factors, risk that a particular type of disruption may occur, resource availability to respond to different types of disruptions, organizational response capabilities, and readiness to deal with any type of disruption(DHHS, n.d.). References DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES(n.d.) ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE LIFE CYCLE FRAMEWORK Contingency Plan HHS EPLC Practice Guide Contingency planning. How to plan for disasters. Author Delisio ER http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.cecybrary.com/eds/detail?vid=2&sid=2bc0c2e0-b744-443†¦