The circumstances of globalization Essays

The circumstances of globalization Essays The circumstances of globalization Essay The circumstances of globalization Essay Introduction Under the fortunes of globalisation, the demand for high-quality and high- velocity interlingual renditions has been increasing worldwide. Satisfying these demands may ensue of the increasing of clip and cost for transcribers and interlingual rendition companies. Thus how heighten the quality and productiveness with low cost is one of the jobs. In order to accomplish the clip and cost economy, the computing machine assisted interlingual rendition ( CAT ) tools is playing an of import function in interlingual rendition industry. The CAT tools enabling to cover the whole interlingual rendition procedure at a clip has been created and commercialized by the linguistic communication industry in recent decennaries ( Austermuhl, 2001 ) . Amongst interlingual rendition tools, interlingual rendition memory ( TM ) systems are considered as the effectual tools due to increasing interlingual rendition productiveness by offering old interlingual rendition automatically ( Austermuhl, 2001 ) . Howe ver, there are assorted TM systems worldwide and which is the most effectual may change depends on single demands such as linguistic communication system or text types. This essay will try to measure two TM systems, SDL Trados Studio and Wordfast authoritative, by comparing each characteristic of operational maps. To compare and measure two TM systems, the construct of TM systems, characteristics of several TM systems foremost will be explained as background cognition of the treatment in this essay. The lineation of TM systems Translation memory is a database of multilingual texts which allow to storage both the beginning and mark text sections in analogue and retrieved conformity with the set standards ( Austermuhl 2001 cites Expert Advisory Group on Language Engineering Standards, EAGLES ) . Namely, the mark text is foremost divided into section units and stored in TM through interlingual rendition procedure. These stored sections are available to be reused for the new interlingual rendition undertaking. If the sections stored in TM are absolutely matched or similar to the new beginning text, TM offers the old interlingual renditions automatically to a transcriber. The transcriber can make up ones mind whether these offered interlingual renditions should be accepted or non. Besides it is possible to revise the old interlingual renditions in TM through and after interlingual rendition. Esselink ( 2000 ) points out some disadvantage of TM as follows: The Final layout of translated text is non displayed until completing the interlingual rendition. In this instance, proofreading after the interlingual rendition is required. Some jobs may happen in TM direction, particularly in the instance of multilingual undertaking. Revising TM after re-converted into the original manner is non available, viz. , in order to update TM, the translated file is required to be converted into TM s acceptable format once more. Time devouring due to the demand of change overing the beginning text into the appropriate format for interlingual rendition. TM filter is non updated when the beginning text is a new file format. As a consequence, some agreement is required in order to be accepted. Changing the construction of the text is non available within paragraph. It is necessary to make the file filter depend on the file format if it is different from the default. Sing above references, he ( 2000 ) suggests that the stuff text should be examined before interlingual rendition, and transcribers should make up ones mind whether to utilize TM, because in some instances, interpreting without TM is more effectual than utilizing TM system. Meanwhile, TM has recognized as effectual and time-saving engineering for monolithic interlingual renditions, particularly proficient or manual text which include some insistent usage of proficient nomenclature ( Mitkov 2007 ) . This is largely due to the effectivity against cut downing duplicative work and to heighten the uniformity of footings. For illustration, in the instance of the uninterrupted interlingual rendition undertaking of the specific field, the TM is offered to the transcriber and the proficient footings will be transferred from TM exactly to the new beginning text. By this agencies, TM allows transcribers to portion the alone nomenclature used in the specific field and contributes to keep the interlingual rendition quality. The specific characteristics of Wordfast Classic TM operational maps Wordfast Classic is defined as a CAT tool designed as a Microsoft Wordâ„ ¢ add-on. Its lightweight, flexible construction makes it easy to put in and utilize ( Wordfast 2010 ) . This CAT tool comprises some utile operational maps, such as nomenclature direction, importing exporting glossary and TM, papers transition, analysis and alliance ( Wordfast 2010 ) . Amongst the operational maps, some good characteristics of Wordfast Classic will be explained here. ITI Bulletin ( 2006 ) points out that Wordfast Classic is simple to utilize, which can non merely use to Word but besides to Power Point, Access and Excel files by linking straight with Word application interface. It is besides compatible with other machine interlingual rendition plans such as PowerTranslatorâ„ ¢ and other CAT tools such as Trados, by change overing TM into another format which is appropriate for several plan and exporting it ( ITI Bulletin 2006 ) . Importing other TM to Wordfast is besides available ( ITI Bulletin 2006 ) . In add-on, alignment map allows redacting the interlingual rendition stored in TM after interlingual rendition. Since this CAT tool is available of free download to have computing machine with some restrictions, those who are sing to utilize this tool can seek and analyze how utile or non for them before paid enrollment ( ITI Bulletin 2006 ) . If download PlusToolsâ„ ¢ and circuit board to the beginning papers, Wordfast Classic is available for a assortment of file format from HTML/ XLM to other labeled files ( Miller 2002 ) . However, there are some of import reminders for utilizing Wordfast Classic. One of them is that it is necessary to make clean-up TM after interlingual rendition for updating the TM database ( Miller 2002 ) . Since database is stored as txt. format, revising the translated text is possible without Wordfast ( Miller 2002 ) . Thus transcribers tend to bury to update TM and glossary. As a consequence, the truth of TM will be lost and TM can non use to other new interlingual rendition undertaking. The specific characteristics of Trados TM operational maps Trados TM which consisting the beginning and mark sections, is created in the Translation Memories position ( Trados 2010 ) . Respective section brace of the beginning and mark is called a interlingual rendition unit and it is possible to add some information for each interlingual rendition unit such as when it was created and updated, and who created it ( Trados 2010 ) . Thus it might be utile to pull off the interlingual rendition history. The interlingual rendition unit is displayed in analogue, which is contributing to comparing of the beginning and mark section when redaction. There are three types of fiting map: fuzzy, context and 100 % lucifer ( Trados 2010 ) . Although the default of Fuzzy fiting rate is set at 70 % or over, this rate is able to be changed ( Trados 2010 ) . Context lucifer is applied when the beginning text and TM section lucifer absolutely and have the same context ( Trados 2010 ) . 100 % lucifer means the beginning text section lucifer precisely with the TM section ( Trados 2010 ) . In footings of the cleavage, Trados can custom-make the cleavage regulations depend on several linguistic communications ; Chinese, French, English, German, Spanish and Japanese, which are supported by Trados ( Trados 2010 ) . Therefore, there is non required to set the cleavage each clip. As mentioned above, fuzzed lucifer is applied when the matching rate is 70 % or over ( Trados 2010 ) . This indicates that if the fiting rate between the beginning and the TM section is less than 70 % , TM will non return any interlingual rendition ( Trados 2010 ) . Therefore, if preferring more or less than 70 % duplicate customise of the fuzzed matching rate should be required. Comparison of characteristic between Wordfast and Trados TM With the avobe description as background, the characteristic of Wordfast and Trados TM will be compared and assessed. First of all, in footings of utilizing TM in othe tranlation tools, both Wordfast and Trados can import/ export TM database by change overing the file type into the acceptable format for several TM. For illustration, Wordfast TM is stored in txt. format, while Trados TM is stored in sdltm. format. If change overing Trados TM to Wardfast, it is necessary to export to a tmx.file. Then open it with MS Word and unfastened Wordfast, so choose it as TM. Likewise, Wordfast besides can export its TM by change overing TM into tmx.format, unfastened Trados, making new empty TM and import the txt.file. Second, although making or opening Wordfast TM is about every bit simple as that of Trados, Trados TM is enriched with assorted optional maps, such as Enable character-based harmony hunt and fuzzed lucifer threshold, compared with Wordfast. However, when compareing the beginning section with mark section for translaiton, Wordfast seems to be more utile than Trados. In wordfast, the section is highlighted with grey colour and it is non allowed to leap sentences till snap the icon which represent to confirmation each clip. By contrast, Trados does non hold any specific maps which privent from traveling to the following section. As a consequence, jumping section sometimes occur in Trados. Since by and large interlingual rendition undertaking have a inclination to demand for high-velocity and quality, transcribers are frequently forced to work long hours a twenty-four hours. This will ensue in a higher rate of interlingual rendition escape. Finally, while Wordfast can non let a user to corroborate the translated text layout during interlingual rendition, Trados can expose the finished interlingual rendition within the edditing window. Therefore, the TM user can available to corroborate the translated text layout even during interlingual rendition. This show map of Trados might be effectual to clip economy, because the mistranslations or text layout and presentation can be recognized easy and interpreting and modifying can be available at the same time in the redaction window. Decision Although Wordfast and Trados portion certain simiralities in those operational maps such as the handiness of importing/ exporting TM, some virtue and demerit of several TM were besides recognized. It is hard to urge which is more first-class CAT tool, bacause the detarmination of virtue and demerit is affected by the state of affairs. In the instance of the monolithic interlingual rendition squad undertaking, Trados may be more effectual than Wordfast due to a assortment of optional map. On the contrary, if interpreting comparatively simple and short text, Wordfast may be convenience due to its simpleness of plan constellation procedure. Therfore, it might be important to analyze which CAT tool is suited for the interlingual rendition text or undertaking.

Nutrients as Major Water Pollutants

Nutrients as Major Water Pollutants According to the Environmental Protection Agency, over half of the nation’s streams and rivers are polluted, and of those, 19% are impaired by the presence of excess nutrients. What Is Nutrient Pollution? The term nutrient refers to sources of nourishment supporting organism growth. In the context of water pollution, nutrients generally consist of phosphorus and nitrogen which algae and aquatic plants use to grow and proliferate. Nitrogen is present in abundance in the atmosphere, but not in a form that is available to most living things. When nitrogen is in the form of ammonia, nitrite, or nitrate, however, it can be used by many bacteria, algae, and plants (heres a nitrogen cycle refresher). Generally, it is the overabundance of nitrates that causes environmental problems. What Causes Nutrient Pollution? Some common agricultural practices lead to excess nutrients in water bodies. Phosphorus and nitrates are important components of the fertilizers used in agricultural fields – they are present in both synthetic fertilizers and natural ones like manures. If the crops do not pick up all of the fertilizer applied, or if rain has a chance to wash it away before they are absorbed by plants, the excess fertilizer is flushed into streams. Another major source of nutrients also comes from the way agricultural fields are only used seasonally. Most crops are present in the fields over a relatively short growing season, and the rest of the year the soil is left exposed to the elements. Meanwhile soil bacteria is feasting on decaying roots and plant debris, releasing nitrates. Not only do bare fields cause sediment pollution, but this practice allows the massive release and washing away of nitrates.Sewage can carries nutrients to streams and water. Septic systems, especially if older or im properly maintained, can leak into streams or lakes. Households connected to municipal sewer systems also contribute to nutrient pollution. Wastewater treatment plants sometimes function improperly, and are periodically overwhelmed during heavy rain events and release sewage into rivers. Stormwater. Rain falling in urban or suburban areas picks up nutrients from lawn fertilizer, pet waste, and various detergents (for example, the soap used to wash one’s car in the driveway). The stormwater is then canalized into municipal drainage systems and released into streams and rivers, loaded with phosphorus and nitrogen.Burning fossil fuels release nitrogen oxides and ammonia into the air, and when those are deposited in water, they can contribute significantly to the excess nutrient problem. Most problematic are coal-fired power plants and gas- or diesel-powered vehicles. What Environmental Effects Do Excess Nutrients Have? Excess nitrates and phosphorus encourage the growth of aquatic plants and algae. Nutrient-boosted algae growth leads to massive algae blooms, visible as a bright green, foul smelling sheen on the water’s surface. Some of the algae making up the blooms produce toxins that are dangerous to fish, wildlife, and humans. The blooms eventually die off, and their decomposition consumes a lot of dissolved oxygen, leaving waters with low oxygen concentrations. Invertebrates and fish are killed when oxygen levels dip too low. Some areas, called dead zones, are so low in oxygen that they become empty of most life. A notorious dead zone forms in the Gulf of Mexico every year due to agricultural runoff in the Mississippi River watershed. Human health can be affected directly, as nitrates in drinking water are toxic, especially to infants. People and pets can also become quite ill from exposure to toxic algae. Water treatment does not necessarily solve the problem, and can in fact create dangerous conditions when chlorine interacts with the algae and produces carcinogenic compounds. Â   Some Helpful Practices Cover crops and no-till farming protect agricultural fields and mobilize nutrients. The cover plants die out in winter, and the following growing season they give back those nutrients to the new crop.Maintaining well vegetated buffers around farm fields and next to streams allows plants to filter out nutrients before they enter the water.Keep septic systems in good working order, and conduct regular inspections.Consider your nutrient inputs from soaps and detergents, and reduce their use whenever possible.In your yard, slow the water runoff and allow it to be filtered by plants and soil. To accomplish this, establish rain gardens, keep drainage ditches well vegetated, and use rain barrels to harvest roof runoff.Consider using pervious pavement in your driveway. These surfaces are designed to let water percolate into the soil below, preventing runoff. For More Information Environmental Protection Agency. Nutrient Pollution.

Corporate Social Responsibility and the Corporate Ethics in relation Case Study

Corporate Social Responsibility and the Corporate Ethics in relation to an Australian manufacturing company - Case Study Example The corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the responsibility which involves an organization for continuous commitment of the ethical behavior to the society. It helps to improve the standard and the quality of life of the employees as well as the life of the society and the local communities (Zimmerli & et. al., 2007). The prime objective of this study is to highlight the various importances of corporate ethics and CSR and the usefulness of these two practices while deciding the global outsourcing of an Australian company with proposed recommendation and conclusion for the overall discussion. Critical Analysis of Ethics, and Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Ethics Corporate ethics involves the ethical principles of the management as well as of the mangers to persuade them to be translucent in business transactions. Business ethics considers the customer’s feelings regarding planning out the goods and the services provided to the customers. Corporate ethics also con siders the stakeholder’s interests to the business. Corporate ethics is one of the most important activities in every organization, especially in relation with the customers and their idea about consumerism. Consumerism refers to the term which describes the rights of the consumers and the legal concerns. Corporate ethics is an evaluation and a study conducted by a business to make decisions in relation to the judgments and the moral concepts. Corporate ethics involves the organization’s responsibilities towards their customers, the commitment to be honest towards the customers. It also involves the responsibility of the company to conserve the nature and the environment. Corporate ethics also involves the protection of the rights... From the study the main idea has been developed regarding the corporate ethics and the responsibilities of a corporation towards the society. The key findings to be considered by the Australian company are type of the market while entering the global territory, the people of that region, and the environment of the particular country. The other findings to be considered by the company are the various laws and regulations of the other countries, the legal formalities, the consumerism factor and the quality product manufacturing. The Australian company can easily spread the business in global market by considering all these CSR issues and various corporate ethics. The prime objective of this study is to highlight the various importances of corporate ethics and CSR and the usefulness of these two practices while deciding the global outsourcing of an Australian company with proposed recommendation and conclusion for the overall discussion. In relation to the study, conclusively, it can be stated that the corporate ethics is the process of valuing the rights and the moral of the people related to the corporate. Corporate ethics is the responsibility of the corporations towards their employees, workers as well as towards their customers and stakeholders. The approach taken by companies under the purview of corporate ethics is known as corporate social responsibility. In CSR, the companies function to provide the society certain values and they show the concern towards the society and environment being responsible towards the nature.

Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes - Research Proposal Example Although this is significantly reduced as compared to Europe, this still represents a statistic that is most certainly higher than should be represented (Klompas et al., 2013). A large portion of research with respect to type I diabetes has been concentric upon heredity and environment. Ultimately, the research that is been concentric upon environment necessarily weighs pollution, exposure to sunlight, diet, and other relevant factors (Hilmi et al., 2013). By contrast, the analysis that is been concentric upon heredity has focused mainly upon genetic indicators. As such, many of the genetic indicators that have been linked to potentially encouraging or otherwise exacerbating a risk rate for type I diabetes include haplotypes of the human leucocyte antigen; these include: HLA-A, HLA-B, HLADRB1 as well as HLA-DQB1 genes. Researchers have noted that the association to Type 1 diabetes that these genes portend is concentric upon auto-immune issues that an individual is exposed to if they have these specific genes. Beyond these, IDDM1 through IDDM18 have also been noted to have a clear and distinct linkage to the possibility of an individual developing Type 1 di abetes at some point in their lives. Further, beyond genes that deal with the regulation of proteins or amino acids, CTLA4 has been clearly linked to an increase in the potential of an individual to develop Type 1 diabetes as well. This is due to the fact that the CTLA4 gene plays a regulatory role in the body’s immune system; therefore the prevalence of this gene or absence thereof has a contributing effect with respect to Type 1 diabetes (Lundgren et al., 2013). As Type 1 diabetes is understood in terms of a disease that is exacerbated and/or evidenced by the prevalence of key genes, understanding a differential between these genes and how they relate to individuals of different racial backgrounds is key to better understanding Type 1

Different Alcohols Essay Example for Free

Different Alcohols Essay The length of time the water is heated for is important as a short period of time will not heat the water sufficiently enough to take accurate results. However, heating the water for too long will boil the water to 100i C and therefore the results will not show any trend, as this is the maximum temperature for water. I chose to heat the water for 150 seconds (2. 5min) as this was a suitable time. METHOD * Set-up apparatus as shown in diagram. Fill calorimeter with 100cmi of distilled water and record temperature in i C with thermometer for 30 seconds to allow an accurate reading. Read thermometer at eye level in order to reduce parallax error due the reflection of light through the glass.   Select burner and check the height of the flame is 4cm using a ruler. Change length of wick using tweezers to change the height of the flame.   Weigh the burner filled with the desired alcohol with the lid on it using a top pan balance. Ensure the balance is on a flat stable surface and place burner on pan gently in order to keep reading accurate. I shall use the first four alcohols in the series: methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol and butan-1-ol. Record mass in grams to the nearest hundredth.   Clamp the calorimeter 7cm above the top of the burner and place lid on calorimeter properly. Measure the height of calorimeter above burner using a ruler. Place burner on a heat-proof mat, under calorimeter; remove burner lid and light immediately with a match. Withdraw match immediately as the heat of the wood combusting could effect the temperature of the water in the calorimeter. Begin timer immediately when wick is lit. Do not remove lid before match is lit as some alcohol may evaporate and alter the burners weight before it is lit. Plunge stirrer up and down once every 5 seconds to ensure uniform heating. During heating keep lid on calorimeter to prevent the water evaporating and heat loss.   Record waters temperature every 30 seconds by using thermometer at eye-level. Do not remove thermometer from water to take reading, as this will change its temperature.   After 150 seconds of heating extinguish flame by replacing burners lid. Record the waters final temperature in i C.   Re-weigh burner and record mass in grams to the nearest hundredth.   Repeat 3 times and take an average of results. Repeat for all four alcohols. Calculate energy released by each alcohol per gram using the formula below: Energy Released per gram= C x Mw x /\T (J/g) Mf Where, C= specific heat capacity of water (4. 17 J/gi C) Mw=mass of water (g) /\T=change in temperature (i C) Mf=Mass of fuel used (g) Calculate energy released per mol using average J/g and the following formula: Energy released per mol= Mr x J/g (J/mol) Where, Mr=molecular mass J/g=Energy released per gram (average) Safety Precautions Because this investigation involves the use of open flamed burners, I will need to be very careful in the laboratory. I will remove all loose pieces of clothing that may fall into flame and set light. I will wear safety goggles to protect my eyes as I am heating a liquid, which could spit, into my eyes when hot.   I will use a heat-proof mat to protect the workbench from the heat of the burner.   I will abide by all standard laboratory rules such as: Do not run. Results PTO CONCLUSION The graph shows that as the length of the molecule chain in an alcohol increases so to does the amount of energy it gives of when completely combusted. The curved line of best fit shows that the relationship is not proportional. The energy released increases because as the length of molecule chain increases because the larger chains only need a small input of energy to break the original bonds yet gives out a larger amount of energy when the new bonds are formed. The energy of the products is lower compared to that of the reactants in longer chain molecules than smaller ones. The results support my prediction in the way that I predicted that as the length of the chain increased so to would the energy released. However, I also predicted that the graph would show directly proportional results, which it does not. My prediction also stated that the results would be lower than the theoretical values due to heat loss which proved to be correct. EVALUATION I believe the method I used was as accurate as possible with the equipment provided, although the results do not show this. The energy released per mol values are a lot lower than the theoretical values due to heat loss. Because of the large amount of heat loss the results are quite varied and unreliable. I only encountered one anomalous result, which is highlighted in red on the results table. I believe this is because of less heat being lost during this test than the was lost during the other tests for propan-1-ol. To overcome this problem barrier could be placed around the burner to shield it from drafts and guide the heat towards the calorimeter. I believe that the results show a curve because more heat was lost for the small-chained molecules due to the lower temperatures of flame being blown away more easily than those flames with higher temperatures.

Broken Chain :: essays research papers

In the movie, "Broken Chain", we can easily define the two sides, which are opposing each other; one is the six nations and the second is the British Empire. But actually, there is the third perspective in the scene, which I will go over later. There are two main characters in the six nations, one is Joseph Brant and another is Mohahehu. Although Joseph and Mohahehu are best friends, they have different points of view towards the intents of the British Empire. Joseph, who is a double agent and put his own interest the first place in the beginning, tries to establish himself to be an Indian hero and become the chief and the first Indian commander in a western army in the history, but his ambition ultimately put him into the trap set up by the British. Mohahehu, who is succeeded to become the new chief of the six nations, feeling that something has been wrong from the beginning of helping the British to fight against Indians in Delaware. On the other side, there is Sir Willia m Johnson. He is a man that will do anything to satisfy his interest and at the same time accomplishes the British king’s plans. As we can see, he even married an Indian woman because of the convenience to form a tie with the six nations. As the movie goes along, there are intensions between the Indians and the British constantly. The British always demand the Indians to give help on their problems, but never keep on their promises, such as new settlers were looting Indians’ land throughout the time even when the "chain" was still existed. This fragment in the history, once again supported the basic of the human nature, "Men are born evil". At that time, the Europeans were the strongest people on the earth, in terms of firearms and navigation technologies. The Europeans’ intentions are obvious, that is to expand and take other people’s land and resources (example: slaves, land and ore mines).

Consumer Behavior Audit: Proactiv Solutions by Amanda Huigens Essay

A.External influences 1.Are there cultures or subcultures whose value system is particularly consistent (or inconsistent) with the consumption of our product? The overall value system for the western culture, which is the dominant culture in the Unites States, is consistent with the consumption of Proactiv Solutions. The consumption of personal care products and services across different subcultures, such as class, race, and occupation, varies from being fairly equivalent to showing significant discrepancies. However, consumption of these products and services is evident in all subcultures, confirming that they are consistent with each subcultures value systems. 2.Is the product appropriate for male and female consumption? Will ongoing gender-role changes, affect who consumes our product or how it is consumed? Proactiv Solutions is appropriate for both male and female consumption. The current ongoing gender-role is for females to be the main purchasers and consumers of personal care products. This gender-role is constantly changing so that males are now more included in these purchases and the consumption of them. Both males and females currently consume Proactiv Solutions products. 3.Do ethics, social, regional, or religious subcultures have different consumption patterns relevant to our product? Regional and social subcultures have fairly equivalent consumption patterns. Some social subcultures may use different forms of personal care products, such as all natural ingredients or home-made products. They may also use different personal care services, or professional treatment, such as microdermabrasion, acupuncture, or hot rocks therapy. These different products or services may be used simultaneously with Proactiv Solutions depending on consumer want and need preferences. 4.Do various demographic or social-strata groups (age, gender, urban/suburban/rural, occupational, income, education) differ in their consumption of this product? Consumption among regions and among racial groups does not vary significantly. The social-strata groups that do vary in consumption include age, occupation, income class, and education. According to the US Consumer Expenditure Survey, the consumption of personal care products and services peaks between the ages of 35-54. Any age groups above or below this range consume less, with consumers under 25 years spending less. The only observation that differs from this data is that most of Proactiv Solutions consumers are under 25 years of age, meaning that older consumers may take part in the purchase process. Education, occupation, and income class social-strata groups go hand-in-hand as far as consumption of personal care products and services go. Consumers that are college graduates (four years or more) spend and average of $805 per consumer unit. Consumers with less than a four year degree only spend and average of $439 per consumer unit. The professional occupation subculture averages $753 spent on personal care products and services per consumer unit. All other occupations spend under $562 per consumer unit. Finally, income classes earning above $100,000 spend on average $868 and above per consumer unit, while lower income classes spend $761 and less. 5.Is this product particularly appropriate for consumers with relatively high (or low) incomes compared to others in their occupational group (ROCI)? Although the consumption patterns may be different for these groups, Proactiv Solutions is appropriate for all income levels and all occupations. 6.Can this product be particularly appropriate for specific roles, such as students or professional women? Although professional men and women may be more likely to consume Proactiv Solutions, this product is appropriate for all roles. 7.Would it be useful to focus on specific adopter categories? By focusing on innovators and early adopters, Proactiv Solutions will be able to develop a client base. These adopter categories tend to influence the other adopter categories, so consumers in these other categories may eventually purchase Proactiv Solutions. 8.Do groups in different stages of the household life cycle have different consumption patterns for this product? Who in the household is involved in the purchase process? Because acne may affect consumers of any age, all consumers may use Proactive Solutions. Younger age groups, especially teens, are more prone to acne, so their consumption patterns are noticeably higher. The influencers, deciders, buyers, and users are typically involved in the purchase process. Sometimes a consumer may be all of these roles, in which case they have complete control in the purchase process. In other cases, such as an unemployed teenager needing to treat acne, the roles may be different. In this example, the teenager would be the influencer and user, while the parents would be the deciders and buyers. B.Internal influences 1.Can this product satisfy different needs or motives in different people? What needs are involved? What characterizes individuals with differing motives? Yes. Some consumers may use Proactiv Solutions to improve their image, while others are more concerned about the health of their skin. For example, consumers in professional occupations or consumers that are trying to impress a member of the opposite sex may be most concerned about their image. Consumers who want to maintain young and healthy skin would be most concerned about taking care of their skin. 2.Is this product uniquely suited for particular personality types? Self-concepts? Proactiv Solutions is suited for all personality types (using Myers-Briggs personality types and Kiersey Temperaments). However, some personalities, such as Artisians, may be more likely to pay attention to their skin care. Consumers who take interest in the health or look of their skin or who believe that maintaining healthy skin is vital to their self-concept may be more likely to consume this product. 3.What emotions, if any, are affected by the purchase and/or consumption of this product? Knowing that they are improving the look and feel of their skin by using Proactiv Solutions makes consumers happy. This may also boost their self-esteem and confidence. 4.Is this product uniquely suited for one or more distinct lifestyles? Proactiv is suited best for consumers that allow for the inclusion of a routine skin care regimen. In order for Proactiv to work effectively, consistent use of the product is vital. 5.Do different groups have different attitudes about an ideal version of our product? Yes. Some consumers would prefer to see Proactiv Solutions offered in stores so that they can physically see it and/or buy it without the hassle of ordering it and having strings attached. (When you order Proactiv Solutions, your order is automatically sent to you on a regular basis.) Other consumers may not trust the quality of Proactiv Solutions because it is marketed using infomercials. C.Situational influences 1.Can this product be appropriate for specific types of situations instead of (or in additional to) specific types of people? Yes. Consumers who have a doctor recommendation to seek treatment for their skin in order to improve its condition or relieve pain may have more reason to use Proactiv Solutions. D.Decision process influences 1.Do different individuals use different evaluative criteria in selecting the product? Yes. Consumers, such as unemployed teenagers, who do not have to pay for the product are going to be more concerned about the outcome, the brand image, and the affects of being associated with that product. Consumers who are a part of the purchase process, in particular the payment part, are going to be concerned mainly with the price, but also with the brand image and the outcome. 2.Do potential customers differ in their loyalty to existing products/brands? Some consumers are very loyal to the brands that they currently use. Others may be open to trying something new. Reasons for being loyal include satisfaction with price, quality, and results. Consumers who are willing to try new products may have been unhappy with previous products or else they just might like to use the newest innovations in personal care products.